How computer's are made?

We all are living in advanced technology in which comes smartphones, laptops,computer's, ipads and such many more but you might didn't know about how they are made? We are using this for many more times but we didn't know how this are made but don't worry all confusion will solve in this article.

How did first computer being made in world?

The father of computer is known Charles Babbage who invent first computer in world. Nowadays we watching smartphone, laptops, computer's which have much more history.

History of computer

Abacus

We are using this computer's are was made by theory of abacus. Abacus is small thing which have a compass type box in which have small marbel shape thing called beads. Abacus is used for fast calculation in that period seventeenth century as well as for now. In abacus we want to simply change the beads which is consist of five sets by this we can do fast addition, subtraction, multiplication as well as division. By abacus we can also do extract square root and cubic root. The beads are manipulated with either the index finger or the thumb of one hand. By the idea of calculating from abacus first computer therroy applied. Abacus expand is Abundant Beads, Addition and Calculation Utility System. Abacus was first invented by mesopotamian around 3000 BC.

Napier bones 

Napier bone was invented by John Napier who is scottish mathematician in 1617. It is made up of rods and bones with multiplication tables on them. It performed addition, subtraction, multiplication as well as division.

Pascaline 

Pascaline is invented by Blaise Pascal who is french Mathematician in 1642.

It was the first mechanical calculator made up of gears and wheels. Calculation of addition and subtraction is more fast than abacus.

Leibniz wheel 

It was invented by Gottfried withelm leibniz a German mathematician in 1685.

Leibniz extended Pascal calculator to Leibniz wheel to have automatic multiplication and division. The device had a cylinder or stepped drum with a set of teeth of incremental length which, was coupled to a counting wheel.

Jacquard Loom  

It was invented by Joseph marie jacquard in 1804.

It is made up of cotton weaving procces and this is automatic. The loom of jacquard is controlled by a number of punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence.

Differential engine 

Now to this evolution, computer was only for calculating but by differential engine nowdays advance computer get base by  inventor Charles Babbage British mathematician in 1822.

It could solve differential equation and was powerd by steam. It stored program to perform calculation and prints result automatically. 

Analytical engine 

It was also invented by Charles Babbage in 1883 which was the basis of modern computer.

The machine had five units - input, output, store, mill and control. That's why charles Babbage known as father of computer. But because of high capacity of money analytical engine funding had stopped by British government. That's why mathematician Augusta ada lovelace wrote book about Charles Babbage programing. So she is known as world first programmer. 

Census machine

                                       

It was invented by American named Herman in 1889.

It was invented to count the population of USA. It's operation was controlled by punched cards. 

Mark 1 

It was invented by Howard Aiken in 1944. 

He collaborated with ibm and developed the largest electromachenial computer. It was the first operating machine that could execute computations automatically. It is considered to be the real beginning of the era of the modern computer.  

John von Neumann architecture 

In 1945 Dr John Neumann proposed the concept of stored program computer.

In this we could be stored program and data in the same memory unit. It had five components - Processing unit, control unit, memory, external storage and input and output mechanisms.

Generation of computers 

First generation of computer ( 1945-1956) 

The first generation of computer required thousands of vaccum tubes which consumes lot of power. They also generated large amount of heat. Vaccum tubes also are in large in size and very expensive.

Vaccum tubes used machine languages for programing by using punched cards and paper tapes. This is fastest calculating device and it can do five thousands additions per second and also three hundred fifty multiplication per second. Examples of first generation computer are ENIAC, EDVAC, UNIVAC 1.

Second generation of computer ( 1956-1963) 

The second generation computer replaced vaccum tubes into transistors. Transistors are smaller and fast than first generation. They also cheaper and more reliable. They were more energy efficient. But they still are generating lots of heat.

Transistors are used for magnetic core technology and also they have saved instructions in memory. It used machine/assembly languages. Examples for second generation computer are IBM 7090 and CDC 3600.

Third generation of computer ( 1964-1971) 

In third generation computers they replaced transistors into integrated circuit (IC). They are smaller and also faster. They are cheaper than second generation.

Integrated circuit also get access of using keyboard and monitor. It is used for operating system. IC are made available to large number of people. Examples of third generation of computer are IBM 360 and PDP 11.

Fourth generation of computer ( 1971 to now) 

The fourth generation of computer are using microprocessor with VLSI. This have a large scale of integration. Their are thousands of IC on single silicon chip. They were small and portable. Tis were also cheapest and work at high speed.

Microprocessor have high accuracy and reliability. They had larger memory and so to explosion and development thus are 6UI and application software. They also handheld devices. Examples of fourth generation are nowadays computers.

Fifth generation of computer (future)

The fifth generation of computer are using artificial intelligence. They are ultra large scale integration (ULSI). They are faster and cheaper.

ULSI works self reliant and have quantum technology. They also have nano technology. The generation of computers are more intelligent computer. 

How computer's work? 

We are now understanding about how computer's perform work how they transfer answer, arithmetic equation,sites, application etc. very fastly and automatically.

 

CPU - Processor

We watch laptop in our lap (knee) that's why it is called as laptop and we watch dekstop in the desk (table) so it is called as dekstop and dekstop is computer and laptop is monitised computer which we can watch under our lap or anywhere and which have processing unit and dekstop had cpu.

In computer their had cpu which works for processing didn't understand don't worry means, 50 + 35 =? What does you do you solve it by Processing in mind 50 + 35 =85. This exactly do computer in computer brain cpu and cpu do this in processor.

Processor do arithmetic logic unit (ALU) means all of calculation, calender, time etc. also processor do work of memory unit (MU) means if you get ask who is now president then first president so you go on mind and by your memory power you said answer that now president is Ram nath kovind the same exactly do processor by memory unit for examples for knowing storage, birthday dates etc. with this processor also do controlling unit (CU) means it also controll functions mean if you get to answer which picture in this two of president so you click on that photo and say answer so this same do controlling unit.

Core of Processor

The processor size was very large but now time its size will be to tigers biscuit size means the processor now come had converted in very small like tiger's biscuit. In the processor they have core means in the same shape they divided into two parts called dual core, quad core, octa core means divide into four called quad then divided into eight called octa core. The core is the part which is inside the processor. If we look from outside it's look like simple processor but in inner side it had dual or quad or octa core. 

Firstly we were using only dual core but by developing technology we get out of octa cor was well as multi core. This technology is called as nano technology. In the dual core their are many of transistors and which space were one to another transistors is 1000 nm. By deacrising space between transistors they made dual core,quad core, octa core. Now the space between transistors are 7nm. The use of core is if we using lots application means if we playing song then fb then whatsapp then YouTube so the functions divide work by core. Nowadays core had used threading means the dual core not divide into four part but it behave like doing work as four part. So the threading system can do work as dual-core threading equal to normal quad core.

So for that you want most innovating processor so use  intel octa core with threading so it can work as multi core. The processor making company are intel, amd but intel is more good and efficient than amd. The intel company make processor such as i3, i5, i7 and now we using is i9 means the intel company advancing the core and they make in future i11 but to i9 to i11 they make generation means they advancing in one of year but then they stop to i9 generation 7 and if they want to progress more so they make i11. So the generation is in intel in about every year but the I series is come when they progresses more on i9. 

Hardware and software

Hardware means the things which we can touch by hand. Examples of hardware are mouse, keyboard, monitor, pendrive, cd, usb etc. But the software are the thing which is inside of monitor or screen. Examples of software is like inner YouTube video, pubg, free fire, games which you can't touch inside but you touch your screen so they have software so they move. Hardware are mostly made by china, Taiwan, Hong Kong and other countries because they sold item in cheap india can't made hardware but it makes software which run in screen. 

Input and output 

The thing by information goes in in computer is known as input device such as keyboard we typing in keyboard but typing goes inside the monitor. As the same by output the information or thing will be goes out from computer such as printer it can do print out paper by printer. Their are also Input and output device such as pendrive by we can input and as well as output.

Motherboard 

We can also called motherboard is the main part of computer because if motherboard crashed or shock circuit then the whole computer will be not of use. Motherboard do the work of connection means if you connect any device such as mouse or keyboard the interface will connect to motherboard then this can be connect. In the motherboard their is also a Processor. The motherboard is inside the cpu and the motherboard connection wire is made up of silicon so because the heat they can mold so in cpu also their a fan which cools down the temperature. Motherboard is famous for made company are gigabyte which makes motherboard very smoothly.

Read only memory (Rom)

Rom is for company who made device. The memory of rom is non volatile means the memory is permanent it can't be change and if you are using washing machine and power cut but the machine turns round of clothes five but you write in it ten and when line come it only make round five because it have non volatile memory so he knows that he completed before power cut give round so after power line he make round five. Rom also used in computer as well as in tv remotes, ovens, adhar card machine.

Rom have three types of modification.    PROM - programmable read only memory. In this we can't change the information in which unrolled also by company.                                                         EPROM - Erasable programmable read only memory. In this company can change the information but it's too hard because out rom from motherboard then by electromagnetically change the information so it's too hard.                          EEPROM - Electrically erasable programmable read only memory. It is modified and also companies can do change information and also easily.

Random access memory (RAM)

The memory of ram is most important and main part in memory. Because if you want to do work you can do it in ram but it is volatile means if you make drawing in computer but of power cut computer stop after computer restart the image will be gone so this is the problem in ram but for this is have save option means you have make a painting and had fear of power cut then you can do save by this the painting will stored in hard drive. But if you want to make more painting then do save as by this it can save also in hard drive and then by adding painting you can do save. 

Ram have static ram and dynamic ram. The static ram saves the date and time and dynamic ram had changes. Then you will be idea that company why not add date and time in rom so they didn't add in rom because anyone's wants to change their time to forward or backward or anyone want to change date so that's why this is in ram in which you can change.

The dynamic ram have generation it haves DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 in which DDR4 is more innovative. 

Hard disc drive - (HDD)

The hard drive is made up of hard object in which their is disc which were drive and rolling. Hard drive consume lot of storage but also consumes lots of heat and temperature. It also require lots of space. If simple also crash on the disc then will all important information will gone. But it is very cheap. It also require lot of storage.

Solid state drive - (SSD) 

The solid drive is can be replaced for hard drive. This drive consume more storage than hard drive. It also didn't take much space and also not consume more heat and temperature. But it is very costly. But in this your data will be save.

CACHE memory

The memory chache the information which you searches for more means if you searched Tmkoc then fastly come comedy video or Tmkoc jhetalal comedy etc. So the cache memory works for also transportation means from youn need information you get it from hard drive and this to ram transport work do cache memory but it works only the most cache information. It do work fastly but efficient like to 20 mb.

Primary and secondary memory

On the basis of memory it is divided into two primary means it is for computer and secondary it is for user.

Primary memory - It have cache memory, ram, rom it is memory for computer and very essential.

Secondary memory - It is for user backup plan for memory and in which comes floppy disc, pendrive, hard drive and solid drive.

Graphic card

The graphic card graphics processing unit (gbu) is eye of computer. It performs all work of eye of computer it mainly do graphics. The graphic is mainly use in gaming, images, videos in gaming their need graphics without graphics it can't be game. The graphics is we watched many colours in photo or tv this is done by graphic processing unit. It controll all the perform of graphic and image we to get watched many colours in computer because of graphic unit. The brain of computer processor done the processing unit and the graphic processing unit do the graphic.

How computer being made in factory?

We can make computer within 90 minutes but it requires parts and things of computer.Its hard drive disk saves information transmitted to it for a long for time.The reading head reads the information it is extremely precise the space between the reading head and the harddisk is as thin as a hair the hard disk is installed in its position within the computer there are two other units which safeguard information the removable three inch disk reader and the cd-rom reader which allows for the reading and execution of programs recorded on compact discs these two units are placed into position the spinal column of the computer is the motherboard it is to this unit that the other elements of the computer are connected this cooler dissipates the heat generated by the chipset certain sound cards are integrated directly on the motherboard these connections in sequence are the audio input its output and the microphone pork's this AGP retaining ring secures the video card during transport this thermal unit measures the temperature emitted between the processor and the motherboard the processor is the brain of the system it interprets calculates and executes the instructions given to it the processor has several millions of transistors and it's cadence its operating speed reaches the gigahertz level the processor rests on this base the processors cooler dissipates the intense heat its efficiency depends on the type of material used and a conducting material assures better cooling the RAM memory stores short-term information but erases that when the current is turned off this memory is more rapid than that of the hard disk or the cd-rom now they integrate everything in the case it protects the internal elements from the external elements at this stage they install the electronic components in this case several connectors of the case are connected to the motherboard such as the commutator and various light indicators this is the output connection for the video card which links the computer to the monitor we also see the video chip which creates images in two and three dimensions here is the video memory the more its capacity is increased the clearer will be the image displayed on the monitor the video card is placed into its position the modem allows two computers to communicate its condensers produce the perfectly clean phone signal to facilitate communications these modem chip connectors control information circulating between the two computers the fax modem is installed the power supply transforms electricity according to the voltage required by the differen components the computers interior cabling installed it allows information to travel between the different media and the motherboard the IDE cable is connected and the cd-rom the last electrical wires are connected to different computer components the Assembly of 30 components of the computer is now finished just before closing the case they test each computer to verify the good functioning of the peripherals then they close up and proceed to packaging this company produces about 300 computer units every day.

Conclusion

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